dΠLIPS≡(2π)4δ4(Σp)×final states j∏(2π)3d3pj2Epj1
5.3
Problem 5.3
schwarzChapter 5
习题 5.3
来源: 第5章, PDF第67页
5.3 A muon decays to an electron, an electron anti-neutrino and a muon neutrino, μ−→e−νμνˉe. The matrix element for this process, ignoring the electron and neutrino masses, is given by ∣M∣2=32GF2(m2−2mE)mE, where m is the mass of the muon and E is the energy of the outgoing νe. GF=1.166×10−5 GeV−2 is the Fermi constant.
(a) Perform the integral over dΠLIPS to show that the decay rate is
Γ=192π3GF2m5.(5.55)
(b) Compare your result to the observed values m=106 MeV and τ=Γ−1=2.20μs. How big is the discrepancy as a percentage? What might account for the discrepancy?
5.5 One of the most important scattering experiments ever was Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Rutherford scattering is αN→αN, where N is some atomic nucleus and α is an α-particle (helium nucleus). It is an almost identical process to Coulomb scattering (e−p+→e−p+).
(a) Look up or calculate the classical Rutherford scattering cross section. What assumptions go into its derivation?
(b) We showed that the quantum mechanical cross section for Coulomb scattering in Eq. (5.41) follows either from the Born approximation or from quantum field theory. Start from the formula for Coulomb scattering and make the appropriate replacements for αN scattering.
(c) Draw the Feynman diagram for Rutherford scattering. What is the momentum of the virtual photon, kμ, in terms of the scattering angle and the energy of the incoming α-particle? (d) Substitute in for k4 and rewrite the cross section in terms of the kinetic energy of the α-particle. Show that Rutherford's classical formula is reproduced. (e) Why are the classical and quantum answers the same? Could you have known this ahead of time? (f) Would the cross section for e−e−→e−e− also be given by the Coulomb scattering cross section?
5.6 In Section 5.3 we found that the e+e−→μ+μ− cross section had the form dΩdσ=64π2ECM2e4(1+cos2θ) in the center-of-mass frame. (a) Work out the Lorentz-invariant quantities s=(pe++pe−)2, t=(pμ−−pe−)2 and u=(pμ+−pe−)2 in terms of ECM and cosθ (still assuming mμ=me=0). (b) Derive a relationship between s,t and u. (c) Rewrite dΩdσ in terms of s,t and u. (d) Now assume mμ and me are non-zero. Derive a relationship between s,t and u and the masses.