32.1 Derive an expression for the mean charge radius ⟨r2⟩=∫d3xr2ρ(x) in terms of a form factor F(q2) by expanding F(q2)=∫d3xeiq⋅xV(x) around x=0. What is the mean charge radius of the proton from Eq. (32.9)?
32.11 Relate the lightcone PDF definition from Eq. (32.117) to the Mellin moments from Section 32.4.4.
(a) Compute the m=1 moment of the lightcone PDF definition to show that you get the matrix element of the spin-1 operator O^qμ=ψˉγμψ. Be careful with the limits of integration.
(b) Show that you can reproduce the matrix elements of the twist-2 spin-m operators by taking moments.
(c) Can you construct the lightcone PDF definition from the Mellin moments?
本题旨在建立非局域的光锥部分子分布函数(PDF)定义与局域的 Twist-2 算符的 Mellin 矩之间的严格数学联系。光锥 PDF 实际上是对无穷多阶局域算符的重新求和(Resummation)。通过对 PDF 求矩,可以投影出特定自旋的局域算符的矩阵元;反之,通过对所有矩构建生成函数(即傅里叶变换),可以从局域算符重建非局域的光锥 PDF 定义。
32.2 Show that the PDFs, as classical probabilities, should satisfy ∑j∫dxxfj(x)=1, as in Eq. (32.29). [Hint: consider the average momentum for each parton.]
32.4 Evaluate the relationship between W1 and W2 that would result instead of the Callan–Gross relation if quarks were scalars. How could you test this prediction?
32.6 Find the limits of integration on z for t=pT2 in the process γ∗→qqˉg discussed in Section 32.3. Then calculate P(t) and the Sudakov factor Δ(Q,t) explicitly. Repeat the exercise for t=m2 and t=θ. Which part of the Sudakov factor is universal?
习题 32.6 - 解答
在过程 γ∗→qqˉg 中,夸克发射胶子的分裂函数为 Pqq(z)=CF1−z1+z2。Sudakov 因子 Δ(Q,t) 描述了从硬标度 Q2 演化到分辨率标度 t 之间没有可分辨辐射的概率,其一般定义为:
Δ(Q,t)=exp[−∫tQ2t′dt′P(t′)],其中P(t′)=∫zminzmaxdz2παsPqq(z)
积分限 zmin 和 zmax 由运动学边界或物理截断决定,且依赖于演化变量 t 的选择。
32.7 In this problem, you will show that Q→∞ at fixed ω=Q22P⋅q or equivalently fixed χ≡ω2mp implies that J(xμ)J(0) is dominated by the lightcone, where xμ2→0. (a) In the proton rest frame, show that
qμxμ=2mpωQ2(x0−r)−ωmpr+O(Q21),(32.119)
where r≡∣q∣q⋅x. (b) Use the method of stationary phase to show that at fixed ω, Wμν, in the form of Eq. (32.78), is dominated by ∣x0−r∣≤Q2c1 and r≤c1 for two constants c1 and c2 as Q→∞. (c) Show that x2≤Q2const and therefore that J(xμ)J(0) is dominated by lightlike separations in the DIS limit.
32.8 Relating imaginary parts to discontinuities. The goal of this problem is to verify Eq. (32.83). (a) By expanding the time ordering in terms of θ(t) and θ(−t) show that Tμν as in Eq. (32.81) can be written as
32.9 Show that current conservation implies a sum rule for each flavor in QCD using spin-1 operators in the OPE, as we did for spin 2 in Section 32.4.4.
习题 32.9 - 解答
在深度非弹性散射(DIS)的算符乘积展开(OPE)中,对于给定的夸克味 f,自旋为 n 的 twist-2(扭度为2)算符定义为:
Ofμ1…μn=qˉfγμ1iDμ2…iDμnqf
对于自旋 n=1 的情况,该算符退化为夸克味 f 的矢量流(Vector current):
Ofμ=qˉfγμqf