11.1 a) Consider a theory of a two real scalar fields A and B with an interaction L1=gAB2. Assuming that mA>2mB, compute the total decay rate of the A particle at tree level.
b) Consider a theory of a real scalar field φ and a complex scalar field χ with L1=gφχ†χ. Assuming that mφ>2mχ, compute the total decay rate of the φ particle at tree level.
习题 11.1 - 解答
对于一个质量为 M 的粒子衰变为两个质量均为 m 的粒子的过程,其树图阶(tree level)的总衰变宽度(衰变率)由下式给出:
Γ=2MS∫∣M∣2dΠ2
其中,S 为末态全同粒子的对称因子(symmetry factor),M 为该过程的费曼振幅(Feynman amplitude),dΠ2 为两体相空间(two-body phase space)。
11.2 Consider Compton scattering, in which a massless photon is scattered by an electron, initially at rest. (This is the FT frame.) In problem 59.1, we will compute ∣T∣2 for this process (summed over the possible spin states of the scattered photon and electron, and averaged over the possible spin states of the initial photon and electron), with the result
11.3 Consider the process of muon decay, μ−→e−νeνμ. In section 88, we will compute ∣T∣2 for this process (summed over the possible spin states of the decay products, and averaged over the possible spin states of the initial muon), with the result
∣T∣2=64GF2(k1⋅k2′)(k1′⋅k3′),(11.52)
where GF is the Fermi constant, k1 is the four-momentum of the muon, and k1,2,3′ are the four-momenta of the νe, νμ, and e−, respectively. In the rest frame of the muon, its decay rate is therefore
where k1=(m,0), and m is the muon mass. The neutrinos are massless, and the electron mass is 200 times less than the muon mass, so we can take the electron to be massless as well. To evaluate Γ, we perform the following analysis.
b) Use Lorentz invariance to argue that, for m1′=m2′=0,
∫k1′μk2′νdLIPS2(k)=Ak2gμν+Bkμkν,(11.55)
where A and B are numerical constants.
c) Show that, for m1′=m2′=0,
∫dLIPS2(k)=8π1.(11.56)
d) By contracting both sides of eq. (11.55) with gμν and with kμkν, and using eq. (11.56), evaluate A and B.
e) Use the results of parts (b) and (d) in eq. (11.54). Set k1=(m,0), and compute dΓ/dEe; here Ee≡E3′ is the energy of the electron. Note that the maximum value of Ee is reached when the electron is emitted in one direction, and the two neutrinos in the opposite direction; what is this maximum value?
f) Perform the integral over Ee to obtain the muon decay rate Γ.
g) The measured lifetime of the muon is 2.197×10−6 s. The muon mass is 105.66 MeV. Determine the value of GF in GeV−2. (Your answer is too low by about 0.2%, due to loop corrections to the decay rate.)
h) Define the energy spectrum of the electron P(Ee)≡Γ−1dΓ/dEe. Note that P(Ee)dEe is the probability for the electron to be emitted with energy between Ee and Ee+dEe. Draw a graph of P(Ee) vs. Ee/mμ.