88.3 Show that the sum of eqs. (88.32) and (88.33), when rewritten in terms of fields of definite mass, has a global symmetry U(1)×U(1)×U(1). The corresponding charges are called electron number, muon number, and tau number; the sum of the charges is the lepton number. List the value of each charge for each Dirac field EI and NLI.
88.7Anomalous dimension of the Fermi constant. The coefficient of the effective interaction for muon decay, eq. (88.36), is subject to renormalization by quantum electrodynamic processes. In particular, we can compute its anomalous dimension γG, defined via
μdμdGF(μ)=γG(α)GF(μ),(88.44)
where α=e2/4π is the fine-structure constant in the MS scheme with renormalization scale μ.
88: The Standard Model: Lepton Sector
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a) Argue that it is GF(MW) that is given by eq. (88.31). b) Multiply eq. (88.36) by a renormalizing factor ZG, and define
ln(ZG/Z2)=n=1∑∞εnGn(α),(88.45)
where Z2 is the renormalizing factor for a field of unit charge in spinor electrodynamics. Show that
γG(α)=αG1′(α).(88.46)
c) If γG(α)=c1α+O(α2) and β(α)=b1α2+O(α3), show that
GF(μ)=[α(MW)α(μ)]c1/b1GF(MW)(88.47)
for μ<MW. (For μ>MW, we should not be using an effective interaction.) d) If α(μ)ln(MW/μ)≪1, show that eq. (88.47) becomes
GF(μ)=[1−c1α(μ)ln(MW/μ)]GF(MW).(88.48)
e) Use a Fierz identity to rewrite eq. (88.36) in charge retention form,
Leff=22ZGGF(ELγμML)(NmLγμNeL).(88.49)
f) Consider the process of muon decay with an extra photon connecting the μ and e lines. Work in Lorenz gauge, and with the four-fermion vertex provided by eq. (88.49). Use your results from problem 62.2 to show that, in this gauge, there is no O(α) contribution to ZG in the MS scheme. g) Use your result from part (d), and your result for Z2 in Lorenz gauge from problem 62.2, to show that c1=0, and hence that GF(μ)=GF(MW) at the one-loop level.
Referenced Equations:
Equation (62.2):
L1=Z1eΨAΨ+Lct,(62.2)
Equation (88.31):
GF≡42sin2θWMW2e2(88.31)
Equation (88.36):
Leff=22GF(ELγμNeL)(NmLγμML).(88.36)
习题 88.7 - 解答
习题 88.7 分析与解答
下面逐一分析并解答各个子问题。
(a) 论证在 μ=MW 处 GF 由式 (88.31) 给出
有效四费米子相互作用是通过在电弱理论中积分掉 W 玻色子得到的。在动量传递 p2≪MW2 时,W 玻色子的传播子可以展开为 1/(p2+MW2)≈1/MW2。为了将全理论(标准模型)与有效场论匹配,我们需要在一个特定的重整化能标 μ 处要求两者的 S 矩阵元相等。
选择匹配能标为 μ=MW 可以消除匹配计算中出现的大对数项 ln(MW/μ)。因此,在 μ=MW 处,树图级别的匹配关系是精确的(无大对数修正),即有效耦合常数 GF 直接由全理论的参数给出: