15.1 In this problem we will verify the result of problem 13.1 to O(α).
a) Let Πloop(k2) be given by the first line of eq. (14.32), with ε>0. Show that, up to O(α2) corrections,
A=Πloop′(−m2).(15.14)
Then use Cauchy's integral formula to write this as
A=∮2πidw(w+m2)2Πloop(w),(15.15)
where the contour of integration is a small counterclockwise circle around −m2 in the complex w plane.
b) By examining eq. (14.32), show that the only singularity of Πloop(k2) is a branch point at k2=−4m2. Take the cut to run along the negative real axis.
c) Distort the contour in eq. (15.15) to a circle at infinity with a detour around the branch cut. Examine eq. (14.32) to show that, for ε>0, the circle at infinity does not contribute. The contour around the branch cut then yields
验证 Problem 13.1 的结果:
首先,直接从 Πloop′(−m2) 计算 A(即 Problem 13.1 的做法):
A=21αΓ(−1+2ε)(1−2ε)∫01dxx(1−x)D−ε/2(4πμ~2)ε/2k2=−m2
利用 Γ(−1+ε/2)(1−ε/2)=−Γ(ε/2),且在 k2=−m2 时 D=m2(1−x+x2),得到:
A=−21αΓ(2ε)∫01dxx(1−x)(m2(1−x+x2)4πμ~2)ε/2
现在使用色散关系式 (15.18) 重新计算。先求 ImΠloop(−s−iϵ):
Im[(D−iϵ)1−ε/2]=∣D∣1−ε/2sin(−π(1−2ε))=−∣D∣1−ε/2sin(2πε)
利用欧拉反射公式 Γ(−1+ε/2)sin(πε/2)=−Γ(2−ε/2)π,可得:
ImΠloop(−s−iϵ)=2Γ(2−ε/2)πα∫x1x2dx(x(1−x)s−m2)1−ε/2(4πμ~2)ε/2
其中积分区间 [x1,x2] 是使得 x(1−x)s−m2>0 的范围。将其代入式 (15.18) 并交换 s 和 x 的积分顺序(s 的积分下限变为 x(1−x)m2):
A=−2Γ(2−ε/2)α(4πμ~2)ε/2∫01dx∫x(1−x)m2∞ds(s−m2)2(x(1−x)s−m2)1−ε/2
对 s 进行积分,作代换 s=x(1−x)m2+y,并记 C=x(1−x)m2(1−x+x2),内层积分化为 Beta 函数形式:
∫0∞dy(y+C)2(x(1−x)y)1−ε/2=(x(1−x))1−ε/2C−ε/2B(2−2ε,2ε)
代入 B(2−ε/2,ε/2)=Γ(2−ε/2)Γ(ε/2) 和 C 的表达式,内层积分结果为:
x(1−x)(m2(1−x+x2))−ε/2Γ(2−2ε)Γ(2ε)
将其代回 A 的表达式中,Γ(2−ε/2) 恰好消去,最终得到:
A=−21αΓ(2ε)∫01dxx(1−x)(m2(1−x+x2)4πμ~2)ε/2
这与直接求导得到的结果完全一致,从而在 O(α) 阶验证了 Problem 13.1 的结果。
15.2
Problem 15.2
srednickiChapter 15
习题 15.2
来源: 第15章, PDF第122,123页
15.2Dispersion relations. Consider the exact Π(k2), with ε=0. Assume that its only singularity is a branch point at k2=−4m2, that it obeys eq. (15.17), and that Π(k2) grows more slowly than ∣k2∣2 at large ∣k2∣. By recapitulating the analysis in the previous problem, show that