97.1 Is the gauge symmetry of the SU(5) model anomalous? If it is, modify the model to turn it into a consistent quantum field theory. Prerequisite: section 75. Hint: see problem 70.4.
where O1≡εijεαβγ(ℓiqjγ)(dˉα†uˉβ†) and O2≡εijεαβγ(eˉ†uˉγ†)(qiαqjβ), ZC1 and ZC2 are renormalizing factors, and C1 and C2 are coefficients that depend on the MS renormalization scale μ. At μ=MX, we have C1(MX)=C2(MX)=4πα5(MX)/MX2.
a) Working in Lorenz gauge, and using the results of problems 88.7 and 89.5, show that the one-loop contribution to ZC1 from gauge-boson exchange is given by Zm in spinor electrodynamics in Lorenz gauge, with
b) Similarly, compute the one-loop contribution to ZC2 from gauge-boson exchange.
c) Compute the corresponding anomalous dimensions γ1 and γ2 of C1 and C2.
d) Compute the numerical values of C1(μ) and C2(μ) at μ=2 GeV. For simplicity, take the top quark mass equal to MZ, and all other quark masses less than 2 GeV. Ignore electromagnetic renormalization below MZ.
Note that, under the SU(2)L×SU(2)R global symmetry of QCD that we discussed in section 83, the operator u(d†uˉ†) transforms as the first component of a (2,1) representation, while the operator uˉ†(du) is related by parity, and transforms as the first component of a (1,2) representation. At low energies, we can replace these operators (up to an overall constant factor) with hadron fields with the same properties under Lorentz and SU(2)L×SU(2)R×U(1)V transformations.
a) Show that PL(uN)1 and PR(u†N)1 transform appropriately. Here u=exp[iπaTa/fπ], where πa is the triplet of pion fields, and Ni is the Dirac field for the proton-neutron doublet.
b) Show that the low-energy version of eq. (97.45) is then
where EC is the charge conjugate of the Dirac field for the electron (in other words, EC is the Dirac field for the positron), and A is a constant with dimensions of mass-cubed. Lattice calculations have yielded a value of A=0.0090 GeV3 for μ=2 GeV.
c) Write out the terms in eq. (97.46) that contain the proton field and either zero or one π0 fields.
d) Compute the amplitude for p→e+π0. Note that there are two contributing Feynman diagrams: one where eq. (97.46) supplies the
proton-positron-pion vertex, and one where the proton emits a pion via the interaction in eq. (83.30), and then converts to a positron via the no-pion terms in eq. (97.46). Neglect the positron mass. Hint: your result should be proportional to 1+gA.
e) Compute the spin-averaged decay rate for p→e+π0. Use the values of C1 and C2 for μ=2 GeV that you computed in problem 97.3. How does your answer compare with the naive estimate we made earlier? Hint: your result should be proportional to C12+4C22.
a) Consider one-loop contributions from gauge-boson exchange to Zy′/Zy. Show that the only contributions of this type that do not cancel in the ratio are those where the gauge boson connects the two fermion lines.
b) Show that, in Lorenz gauge, these contributions to Zy′ and Zy are given by Zm in spinor electrodynamics in Lorenz gauge, with a replacement analogous to eq. (97.44) that you should specify.
c) Let r≡y′/y, and compute the anomalous dimension of r.
d) Take r(MX)=1, and evaluate r(MZ). For simplicity, take the top quark mass equal to MZ.
e) Below MZ, treat the top quark as heavy, and neglect the small electromagnetic contribution to the anomalous dimension of r. Compute r(mb), where mb=mb(mb)=4.3 GeV is the bottom quark mass parameter. Use your results to predict the tau lepton mass. How does your prediction compare with its observed value, mτ=1.8 GeV?